    @article {1770,
	title = {Smart Control of Operational Threats in Control Substations},
	journal = {Computers \& Security},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2013},
	month = {OCT 2013},
	pages = {14-27},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	abstract = {<p>Any deliberate or unsuitable operational action in control tasks of critical infrastructures, such as energy generation, transmission and distribution systems that comprise sub-domains of a Smart Grid, could have a significant impact on the digital economy: without energy, the digital economy cannot live. In addition, the vast majority of these types of critical systems are configured in isolated locations where their control depends on the ability of a few, supposedly trustworthy, human operators. However, this assumption of reliabilty is not always true. Malicious human operators (criminal insiders) might take advantage of these situations to intentionally manipulate the critical nature of the underlying infrastructure. These criminal actions could be not attending to emergency events, inadequately responding to incidents or trying to alter the normal behaviour of the system with malicious actions. For this reason, in\&nbsp;this paper we propose a smart response mechanism that controls human operators{\textquoteright} operational threats at all times. Moreover, the design of this mechanism allows the system to be able to not only evaluate by itself, the situation of a particular scenario but also to take control when areas are totally unprotected and/or isolated. The response mechanism, which is based on Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) for the constant monitoring of observed critical\&nbsp;infrastructures, on reputation for controlling human operators{\textquoteright} actions, and on the ISA100.11a standard for alarm management, has been implemented and simulated to evaluate its feasibility for critical contexts.</p>
},
	keywords = {Digital Economy, Energy Control Systems, Reputation, security, Smart grids, wireless sensor networks},
	issn = {0167-4048},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2013.03.013},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404813000588},
	author = {Javier Lopez and Cristina Alcaraz and Rodrigo Roman}
}
@inproceedings {Alcaraz2009,
	title = {Adaptive Dispatching of Incidences Based on Reputation for SCADA Systems},
	booktitle = {6th International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Digital Business (TrustBus{\textquoteright}09)},
	series = {LNCS},
	year = {2009},
	month = {September},
	pages = {86-94},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
	organization = {Springer-Verlag},
	address = {Linz, Austria},
	abstract = {<p>SCADA systems represent a challenging scenario where the management of critical alarms is crucial. Their response to these alarms should be efficient and fast in order to mitigate or contain undesired effects. This work presents a mechanism, the Adaptive Assignment Manager (AAM) that will aid to react to incidences in a more efficient way by dynamically assigning alarms to the most suitable human operator. The mechanism uses various inputs for identifying the operators such as their availability, workload and reputation. In fact, we also define a reputation component that stores the reputation of the human operators and uses feedback from past experiences.</p>},
	keywords = {Critical Control Systems, Reputation, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems},
	isbn = {978-3-642-03747-4},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-03748-1_9},
	author = {Cristina Alcaraz and Isaac Agudo and Carmen Fernandez-Gago and Rodrigo Roman and Gerardo Fernandez and Javier Lopez}
}
